7日間コース
Master Direct & Inverse Proportion in 7 Days
Understand proportional relationships, write equations, draw graphs, and solve real-world problems. The gateway to all functions.
対象: Junior High 1 / Overseas Japanese students
Concepts & Worked Examples
Understand direct proportion (y = ax), inverse proportion (y = a/x), their graphs, and how to find equations from conditions.
定義: yがxに比例するとは、y = ax(a ≠ 0)の関係があること。
例題:時速60kmで走る車が、x時間で進む距離yは y = 60x
式の求め方: yがxに比例し、x = 3のときy = 12なら: a = y/x = 12/3 = 4 → y = 4x
例:y = 2x は (0,0), (1,2), (2,4) を通る 例:y = −3x は (0,0), (1,−3), (−1,3) を通る
定義: yがxに反比例するとは、y = a/x(a ≠ 0)の関係があること。
例題:12Lの水をx個の容器に等しく分けると、1個あたりy = 12/x リットル
式の求め方: yがxに反比例し、x = 6のときy = 4なら: a = xy = 4 × 6 = 24 → y = 24/x
例:原点を通る直線が(3, −6)を通る a = −6/3 = −2 → y = −2x
例:曲線が(2, 8)を通る a = 2 × 8 = 16 → y = 16/x
比例の実例:
反比例の実例:
y is directly proportional to x. When x = 5, y = −15. Find the equation.
解答
a = y/x = −15/5 = −3 y = −3x
For direct proportion y = ax, the constant a = y/x. Use the given point to find a.
y is inversely proportional to x. When x = 3, y = 8. Find y when x = 6.
解答
a = xy = 3 × 8 = 24 y = 24/x When x = 6: y = 24/6 = 4
For inverse proportion y = a/x, the constant a = xy. Find a first, then substitute the new x.
A straight line through the origin passes through (−4, 12). Write the equation and find y when x = 7.
解答
a = 12/(−4) = −3 y = −3x When x = 7: y = −3(7) = −21
A line through the origin is direct proportion. Find a from the given point.
A car needs to travel 240 km. Express time y (hours) as a function of speed x (km/h). Find the time at 80 km/h.
解答
y = 240/x (inverse proportion) At x = 80: y = 240/80 = 3 hours
Distance = speed × time, so time = distance / speed. This is inverse proportion with a = 240.
Basic Practice
Practice finding equations, plotting graphs, and identifying proportional relationships.
比例と反比例の判別・式の決定・グラフの読み取りを練習。
y is proportional to x. When x = 4, y = 20. Find y = ?x.
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答え
y = 5x
y is inversely proportional to x. When x = 2, y = 9. Find the equation.
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答え
y = 18/x
For y = −4x, find y when x = −3.
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答え
y = 12
For y = 36/x, find x when y = −9.
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答え
x = −4
Is the relationship y = 3x + 1 a direct proportion? Why or why not?
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答え
No — direct proportion must pass through the origin (y = ax). y = 3x + 1 has a y-intercept of 1.
Standard Practice
Graph reading, equation determination, and coordinate geometry at ★2-3.
Pattern Practice
All proportion/inverse proportion patterns and graph analysis. ★2-3.
Applied Practice
Real-world applications: speed, cost, density, and mixed proportion problems. ★3-4.
Advanced Practice
Complex graph interpretation and multi-step application problems. ★4-5.
Final Test & Bridge to Next
Comprehensive test. Preview of linear functions (y = ax + b).