7日間コース
Master Expansion & Factorization in 7 Days
From distribution to factoring formulas — master the techniques that form the backbone of high school math. Includes algebraic proofs and clever calculation tricks.
対象: Junior High 3 / Overseas Japanese students
Concepts & Worked Examples
Understand expansion, factoring formulas, various expansion techniques, factorization, and how to use expressions for proofs and clever calculations.
展開とはカッコを外してかけ算すること。
単項式 × 多項式: 3a(2a - 7) = 6a² - 21a
(a + b)(c + d) = ac + ad + bc + bd
例: (x + 2)(y + 5) = xy + 5x + 2y + 10
例: (a + 2)(a - 9) = a² - 9a + 2a - 18 = a² - 7a - 18
これらの公式を使えば瞬時に展開できる:
公式①: (x + a)(x + b) = x² + (a+b)x + ab
公式②: (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²
公式③: (a - b)² = a² - 2ab + b²
公式④: (a + b)(a - b) = a² - b²
例(公式①): (x + 3)(x - 5) = x² + (3-5)x + 3×(-5) = x² - 2x - 15
例(公式②): (a + 3)² = a² + 2(a)(3) + 3² = a² + 6a + 9
例(公式④): (x + 2)(x - 2) = x² - 4
公式がそのまま使えないときは、置き換えやグループ分けを考える。
例: (3x + 2)(3x + 5) 3xをひとかたまりと見る。t = 3x とおくと: = t² + (2+5)t + 2×5 = t² + 7t + 10 = (3x)² + 7(3x) + 10 = 9x² + 21x + 10
例: (x - 2)² - (x + 4)(x - 4) = (x² - 4x + 4) - (x² - 16) = x² - 4x + 4 - x² + 16 = -4x + 20
因数分解は展開の逆。 式を因数(かけ算の形)に分解する。
ステップ1: まず共通因数を探す。 ax + bx = x(a + b) 4ax - 6bx = 2x(2a - 3b)
ステップ2: 因数分解の公式を逆に使う: x² + (a+b)x + ab = (x + a)(x + b)
例: x² + 2x - 15 かけて-15、足して+2になる2つの数を見つける: → +5 と -3 = (x + 5)(x - 3)
完全平方式: x² - 10x + 25 = (x - 5)² 平方の差: x² - 9 = (x + 3)(x - 3)
計算の工夫(因数分解の公式を使って暗算を効率化):
例: 102² = (100 + 2)² = 100² + 2×100×2 + 2² = 10000 + 400 + 4 = 10404
例: 39² - 31² = (39 + 31)(39 - 31) = 70 × 8 = 560
式を使った証明: 「連続する2つの奇数の積に1を足した数は、4の倍数であることを証明せよ」
連続する2つの奇数: 2n - 1, 2n + 1 (2n - 1)(2n + 1) + 1 = 4n² - 1 + 1 = 4n²
n²は整数だから、4n²は4の倍数である。∎
Expand: (x + 4)(x - 6)
解答
Using formula ①: (x + a)(x + b) = x² + (a+b)x + ab a = 4, b = -6 = x² + (4-6)x + 4×(-6) = x² - 2x - 24
Identify a and b, then plug into the formula. Sum: 4+(-6) = -2. Product: 4×(-6) = -24.
Factorize: x² + 2x - 15
解答
Find two numbers: multiply to -15, add to +2. Check: 5 × (-3) = -15 ✓, 5 + (-3) = 2 ✓ x² + 2x - 15 = (x + 5)(x - 3)
Systematic approach: list factor pairs of -15 and find the pair that sums to 2.
Calculate 98 × 102 using a factoring formula.
解答
98 × 102 = (100 - 2)(100 + 2) Using (a+b)(a-b) = a² - b²: = 100² - 2² = 10000 - 4 = 9996
Recognize the difference of squares pattern to turn multiplication into simple subtraction.
Expand and simplify: (x + 3)² - (x - 1)(x + 1)
解答
= (x² + 6x + 9) - (x² - 1) = x² + 6x + 9 - x² + 1 = 6x + 10
Apply formula ② for the square and formula ④ for the difference of squares, then simplify.
Basic Practice (★1-2)
10 problems covering Units 14-19. Expand, factorize, and apply formulas to calculations.
単元14〜19の演習問題。公式を使いこなそう。毎回分配法則で展開するのではなく、公式で瞬時に解こう。
★1 Expand: 2a(3a + 5)
解答
= 6a² + 10a
Distribute 2a to both terms inside the brackets.
★1 Factorize: ab - ac
解答
= a(b - c)
Common factor is a.
★2 Expand: (x + 7)(x - 2)
解答
= x² + (7-2)x + 7×(-2) = x² + 5x - 14
Formula ①: sum = 5, product = -14.
★2 Factorize: x² - 10x + 25
解答
= x² - 2(5)x + 5² = (x - 5)²
Perfect square trinomial: a² - 2ab + b² = (a - b)².
Standard Practice (★2-3)
10 problems at standard difficulty. Expansion with formulas, factorization with common factors, and mixed operations.
Pattern Drills (★2-3)
10 problems focusing on substitution tricks, combined expansion-simplification, and multi-step factorization.
Applied Problems (★3-4)
10 challenging problems: complex expansions, factorization requiring regrouping, and calculation tricks using formulas.
Advanced Challenge (★4-5)
10 high-difficulty problems including algebraic proofs, substitution-based evaluation, and entrance exam level factorization.
Comprehensive Test & Bridge to Square Roots
Mixed test covering ★1-5. Plus: how expansion and factorization connect to square roots — what you learn next.