7日間コース
Master Quadratic Equations in 7 Days
From factoring to the quadratic formula — master every solving method and tackle word problems involving area, numbers, and geometry.
対象: Junior High 3 / Overseas Japanese students
Concepts & Worked Examples
Learn all methods of solving quadratic equations: factoring, square roots, completing the square, and the quadratic formula. Plus real-world applications.
2次方程式とは? ax² + bx + c = 0 の形の方程式(a ≠ 0)。
x² = k の形のとき:
例題:x² = 25 x = ±5
例題:(x − 3)² = 16 x − 3 = ±4 x = 7 または x = −1
例題:3x² − 48 = 0 3x² = 48, x² = 16, x = ±4
ax² + bx + c = 0 の形に整理して因数分解する。
原理: AB = 0 ならば A = 0 または B = 0
例題:x² + 2x − 15 = 0 積が−15、和が+2 になる2つの数 → +5 と −3 (x + 5)(x − 3) = 0 x = −5 または x = 3
例題:x² − 10x + 25 = 0 (x − 5)² = 0 x = 5(重解)
ax² + bx + c = 0 の解は:
x = (−b ± √(b² − 4ac)) / 2a
因数分解できないときでも、この公式で必ず解ける。
例題:x² + 3x − 2 = 0(a = 1, b = 3, c = −2) x = (−3 ± √(9 + 8)) / 2 x = (−3 ± √17) / 2
例題:2x² − 5x + 1 = 0(a = 2, b = −5, c = 1) x = (5 ± √(25 − 8)) / 4 x = (5 ± √17) / 4
判別式: b² − 4ac
0:異なる2つの実数解
必ず ax² + bx + c = 0 の形に整理してから解く。
例題:x² = 4x + 5 x² − 4x − 5 = 0 (x − 5)(x + 1) = 0 x = 5 または x = −1
例題:(x + 3)(x − 1) = 5 x² + 2x − 3 = 5 x² + 2x − 8 = 0 (x + 4)(x − 2) = 0 x = −4 または x = 2
例題:「連続する2つの正の整数の積が72である。この2つの整数を求めなさい。」 小さい方をxとする:x(x + 1) = 72 x² + x − 72 = 0 (x + 9)(x − 8) = 0 x = 8(x > 0より)→ 8と9
例題:「長方形の庭の縦はよこより4m長い。面積が60m²のとき、縦と横の長さを求めなさい。」 横 = x:x(x + 4) = 60 x² + 4x − 60 = 0 (x + 10)(x − 6) = 0 x = 6(−10は不適) 横6m、縦10m
例題:「20cm×15cmの長方形から、隣り合う2辺に沿って同じ幅の帯を切り取ると、残りの面積が150cm²になった。帯の幅を求めなさい。」 帯の幅 = x cm (20 − x)(15 − x) = 150 x² − 35x + 150 = 0 (x − 5)(x − 30) = 0 x = 5(30は不適、15を超えるため) 帯の幅 = 5cm
Solve: x² − 7x + 12 = 0
解答
(x − 3)(x − 4) = 0 x = 3 or x = 4
Find two numbers that multiply to 12 and add to −7: −3 and −4.
Solve: 2x² − 3x − 5 = 0
解答
Using the quadratic formula: x = (3 ± √(9 + 40)) / 4 x = (3 ± 7) / 4 x = 10/4 = 5/2 or x = −4/4 = −1
a=2, b=−3, c=−5. Discriminant = 9+40 = 49 = 7². So we get nice answers.
Solve: (x + 2)² = 49
解答
x + 2 = ±7 x = 5 or x = −9
Take the square root of both sides. Don't forget the ± sign!
A square has its side length increased by 3 cm. The new area is 64 cm². Find the original side length.
解答
Let original side = x cm (x + 3)² = 64 x + 3 = ±8 x = 5 (reject −11) Original side = 5 cm
Set up the equation from the area condition, solve using square roots, and reject the negative answer since length must be positive.
Basic Practice
Practice factoring, square roots, and the quadratic formula with straightforward problems.
3つの解法をすべて練習。問題ごとに最も効率的な方法を選ぼう。
Solve: x² − 16 = 0
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答え
x = ±4
Solve: x² + 5x + 6 = 0
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答え
x = −2 or x = −3
Solve: x² − 6x + 9 = 0
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答え
x = 3 (double root)
Solve using the quadratic formula: x² + 4x − 1 = 0
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答え
x = −2 ± √5
Solve: (x − 1)(x + 3) = 5
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答え
x = −4 or x = 2
Standard Practice
Various quadratic equations requiring rearrangement and method selection. ★2-3.
Pattern Practice
Systematic drill on all quadratic equation patterns. ★2-3.
Applied Practice
Number problems and area problems using quadratic equations. ★3-4.
Advanced Practice
Complex geometry applications and multi-step quadratic problems. ★4-5.
Final Test & Bridge to Next
Comprehensive test on all quadratic equation skills. Preview of quadratic functions.