7日間コース
Master Simultaneous Equations in 7 Days
Learn elimination, substitution, and advanced techniques. Solve word problems with two unknowns confidently.
対象: Junior High 2 / Overseas Japanese students
Concepts & Worked Examples
Understand the elimination method, substitution method, various forms of simultaneous equations, and word problem applications.
考え方: 2つの式を足したり引いたりして、1つの文字を消す。
手順:
例題:連立方程式を解きなさい 3x + 2y = 16 … ① x + 2y = 10 … ②
yの係数が同じなので、①−②: 2x = 6 → x = 3 ②に代入:3 + 2y = 10 → 2y = 7 → y = 7/2
係数をそろえる例: 2x + 3y = 4 … ① 3x + 5y = 5 … ②
①×3:6x + 9y = 12 ②×2:6x + 10y = 10 引く:−y = 2 → y = −2 ①に代入:2x + 3(−2) = 4 → 2x = 10 → x = 5
ポイント: 係数が同じでないときは、最小公倍数にそろえてから加減する。
考え方: 一方の式を1つの文字について解き、もう一方の式に代入する。
使いどき: 一方の式がy = ...やx = ...の形のとき。
例題: y = 2x − 1 … ① 3x + 2y = 12 … ②
①を②に代入: 3x + 2(2x − 1) = 12 3x + 4x − 2 = 12 7x = 14 x = 2
y = 2(2) − 1 = 3 → (x, y) = (2, 3)
例題: x = 3y + 2 … ① 4x − 3y = 17 … ②
①を②に代入: 4(3y + 2) − 3y = 17 12y + 8 − 3y = 17 9y = 9 y = 1, x = 3(1) + 2 = 5
まずかっこをはずしてから、加減法か代入法で解く。
各式の分母の最小公倍数をかけて分数をなくしてから解く。
10倍、100倍して小数をなくしてから解く。
コツ: 求めるものを2つの文字でおき、2つの方程式を立てる。
例題:「1個150円のりんごと1個100円のみかんを合わせて10個買い、代金は1250円だった。それぞれ何個買ったか」
x = りんごの個数、y = みかんの個数 x + y = 10 … ① 150x + 100y = 1250 … ②
①よりy = 10 − x、②に代入: 150x + 100(10 − x) = 1250 50x = 250 → x = 5、y = 5
文章題のポイント:
Solve by elimination: 2x + y = 5 x − y = 1
解答
Add both equations: 3x = 6 x = 2 Substitute: 2(2) + y = 5 → y = 1 (x, y) = (2, 1)
y-coefficients are +1 and −1, so adding eliminates y directly.
Solve by substitution: y = 3x − 2 5x + 2y = 18
解答
Substitute y = 3x − 2 into the second equation: 5x + 2(3x − 2) = 18 5x + 6x − 4 = 18 11x = 22 x = 2, y = 3(2) − 2 = 4
Since the first equation already has y isolated, substitution is the natural choice.
Solve: 3x + 4y = 34 5x + 2y = 30
解答
② × 2: 10x + 4y = 60 ① : 3x + 4y = 34 Subtract: 7x = 26 → x = 26/7 Substitute: y = (34 − 3(26/7)) / 4 = (238/7 − 78/7) / 4 = 160/28 = 40/7
Match the y-coefficients by multiplying equation ② by 2, then subtract to eliminate y.
A store sells notebooks for 200 yen and folders for 300 yen. You buy 12 items total for 2,800 yen. How many of each?
解答
x + y = 12 … ① 200x + 300y = 2800 … ② ② ÷ 100: 2x + 3y = 28 From ①: x = 12 − y 2(12 − y) + 3y = 28 24 − 2y + 3y = 28 y = 4, x = 8 Answer: 8 notebooks, 4 folders
Set up two equations from the two conditions (total items, total cost), then solve.
Basic Practice
Practice elimination and substitution methods with straightforward systems.
Day 1の2つの解法を練習。式を引くときの符号ミスに注意しよう。
Solve by elimination: x + y = 7 x − y = 3
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答え
x = 5, y = 2
Solve by elimination: 3x + y = 10 x + y = 4
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答え
x = 3, y = 1
Solve by substitution: y = x + 3 2x + y = 12
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答え
x = 3, y = 6
Solve: 4x + 3y = 11 2x + 3y = 7
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答え
x = 2, y = 1
Solve: 2x + 5y = 1 3x − 2y = −8
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答え
x = −2, y = 1
Standard Practice
Systems with fractions, decimals, and parentheses at ★2-3 difficulty.
Pattern Practice
Systematic drill on all simultaneous equation patterns. ★2-3.
Applied Practice
Word problems with two unknowns: speed/distance, cost, mixture problems. ★3-4.
Advanced Practice
Complex word problems and challenging systems at ★4-5 difficulty.
Final Test & Bridge to Next
Comprehensive test on all simultaneous equation skills. Preview of quadratic equations.