7日間コース
Master Square Roots in 7 Days
From the concept of square roots to complex radical expressions — learn to manipulate √ with the same confidence as regular numbers.
対象: Junior High 3 / Overseas Japanese students
Concepts & Worked Examples
Understand square roots, simplification, rationalization, and all four operations with radical expressions.
x² = a のとき、xは a の平方根。±√a と書く。
例: 25の平方根は ±5(5² = 25、(-5)² = 25 だから)
表記のポイント:
大小比較: √と普通の数は、2乗して比較する。 √10 と √11 → 10 < 11 だから √10 < √11
3 と √5 → 3² = 9, (√5)² = 5, 9 > 5 だから 3 > √5
有理数と無理数:
かけ算: √a × √b = √(ab)
例: √2 × √5 = √10 例: √12 × √45 = √(12×45) = √540
簡単にする: √の中から完全平方数をくくり出す。 √12 = √(4×3) = 2√3 √45 = √(9×5) = 3√5 √48 = √(16×3) = 4√3
割り算: √a ÷ √b = √(a/b)
有理化: 分母から√をなくす。 7/√3 = 7×√3/(√3×√3) = 7√3/3
同じ√の中身を持つ項(同類項)はまとめられる。
6√2 + 3√2 = 9√2 4√3 - 10√3 = -6√3
まず簡単にしてから、まとめる: √12 + √48 = 2√3 + 4√3 = 6√3
有理化してからまとめる: 5√3 + 6/√3 = 5√3 + 6√3/3 = 5√3 + 2√3 = 7√3
√の分配法則: √2(√10 + 3) = √20 + 3√2 = 2√5 + 3√2
展開公式は√でも使える!
例: (√6 + 4)(2√6 + 1) = √6 × 2√6 + √6 × 1 + 4 × 2√6 + 4 × 1 = 12 + √6 + 8√6 + 4 = 16 + 9√6
例: (√11 + √7)(√11 - √7) = (√11)² - (√7)² = 11 - 7 = 4
代入問題: x = √2 + √5, y = √2 - √5 のとき、xy と x² - y² を求めよ。 xy = (√2 + √5)(√2 - √5) = 2 - 5 = -3 x² - y² = (x+y)(x-y) = (2√2)(2√5) = 4√10
Simplify: √72
解答
√72 = √(36 × 2) = 6√2
Find the largest perfect square factor: 36 × 2 = 72. √36 = 6.
Rationalize the denominator: 5/√7
解答
5/√7 = 5×√7/(√7×√7) = 5√7/7
Multiply top and bottom by √7 to eliminate the radical from the denominator.
Simplify: √27 - √12 + √48
解答
= 3√3 - 2√3 + 4√3 = (3 - 2 + 4)√3 = 5√3
First simplify each radical: √27 = 3√3, √12 = 2√3, √48 = 4√3. Then combine like radicals.
Expand: (√5 + 2)(√5 - 3)
解答
= (√5)² - 3√5 + 2√5 - 6 = 5 - √5 - 6 = -1 - √5
Use FOIL or the expansion formula. Combine like terms at the end.
Basic Practice (★1-2)
10 problems covering Units 20-23. Simplify radicals, rationalize denominators, and perform basic operations.
単元20〜23の演習問題。√は必ず最も簡単な形にすること。
★1 Find the square root of 36.
解答
±6 (because 6² = 36 and (-6)² = 36)
Square root has both positive and negative values.
★1 Simplify: √50
解答
√50 = √(25 × 2) = 5√2
25 is the largest perfect square factor of 50.
★2 Calculate: √3 × √15
解答
= √(3 × 15) = √45 = √(9 × 5) = 3√5
Multiply under one radical, then simplify.
★2 Calculate: 3√6 + 2√6 - √6
解答
= (3 + 2 - 1)√6 = 4√6
Like radicals: just add/subtract the coefficients.
Standard Practice (★2-3)
10 problems at standard difficulty. Rationalization, radical arithmetic, and simplification chains.
Pattern Drills (★2-3)
10 problems focusing on common patterns: nested radicals, rationalization with conjugates, and comparison of sizes.
Applied Problems (★3-4)
10 challenging problems combining radical operations with expansion formulas and substitution.
Advanced Challenge (★4-5)
10 high-difficulty problems: double rationalization, radical expressions with substitution, and entrance exam problems.
Comprehensive Test & Bridge to Quadratic Equations
Mixed test covering ★1-5. Plus: how square roots are essential for solving quadratic equations — what you learn next.